Atherosclerosis and proteinase activation.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Rapidly accumulating evidence points to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as major molecular mediators of arterial diseases. Findings from human pathological specimens, animals, and cell and molecular biology implicate matrix metalloproteinases in all stages of atherosclerosis including lesion initiation and progression and ultimately in plaque complication and triggering of thrombosis. The complex interactions within the proteolytic cascade allow multiple levels of control over these functions. This review weighs the evidence for the role of MMPs in arterial biology with particular reference to their activation in the atherosclerotic plaque.
منابع مشابه
Targeting factor Xa and thrombin: impact on coagulation and beyond.
Great advances have been made in recent years in understanding the haemostatic system and the molecular and cellular basis of thrombus formation. Although directly targeting factor Xa or thrombin (factor IIa) for effective anticoagulation is now well established, evidence has emerged suggesting that factor Xa and thrombin are involved in other physiological and pathophysiological cellular proce...
متن کاملMetalloproteinases, Mechanical Factors and Vascular Remodeling
Chronic increases in arterial blood flow elicit an adaptive response of the arterial wall, leading to vessel enlargement and reduction in wall shear stress to physiological baseline value. Release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells exposed to excessive shear is a fundamental step in the remodeling process, and potentially triggers a cascade of events, including growth factor induction and m...
متن کاملLoss of Biglycan Enhances Thrombin Generation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: Implications for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE Thrombin signaling promotes atherosclerosis by initiating inflammatory events indirectly through platelet activation and directly via protease-activated receptors. Therefore, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may be relevant modulators of atheroprogression and cardiovascular risk. In addition, endogenous thrombin inhibitors may affect the response to non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoag...
متن کاملAtherosclerosis: testing the water.
Acritical regulatory pathway of the blood coagulation cascade is provided by antithrombin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that specifically shuts down the activity of factor Xa and thrombin.1 Much of what we know about the mechanisms of antithrombin function has come from studies using the cofactor heparin, that allosterically activates antithrombin for optimal presentation to the target ...
متن کاملThe Acute Phase Protein Complement 1 Inhibitor is an Indicator of Arterial Stiffness
An acute phase protein has been defined as a protein whose plasma concentration increases (positive acute phase protein) or decreases (negative acute phase protein) by at least 25 percent during an inflammatory condition (Gabay & Kushner, 1999). The complement system is a biochemical cascade and major effecter mechanism of humoral or innate immunity. However, the complement system also has the ...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Cardiovascular research
دوره 69 3 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006